Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Exon, Prokaryote, Nucleoside Triphosphate

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purplejellyfish713

18 Sep 2017

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When dna is transcribed into mrna, there are 4 steps involved: Rna polymerase ii pries the dna apart just before the gene to be expressed and hooks. Rna nucleotides (a, u, c, g) together as they base pair long the dna template in the 5" to 3" direction. (only one of the two dna nucleotide strands act as a template. ) Rna polymerase recognizes and binds to a promotor (usually made up of adenine and thymine bases, also known as a tata box). Transcription factors bind to the promoter and the tata box to recruit rna polymerase ii. There is a terminator sequence (often aat aaa in eucaryotes) A single gene can be transcribed simultaneously by several rna polymerase ii molecules at once. Thus, increasing the number of mrna"s that can go out to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis (translation) thereby speeding up protein synthesis.

Related Questions

1. In order for an eukaryotic mRNA to be exported out of the nuclear compartment, it needs to undergo processing. What are these modifications?

a Capping

b Polyadenylation

c Splicing

d ALL of the above are correct

e NONE of the above are correct

2 The role of TFIIH is to:

a Bind to TATA box causing bending of DNA so that other proteins can access the site

b Bind to the RNA polymerase

c Bind to Transcription repressors and activators

d Phosphorylate RNA Polymerase II releasing it from general factors to initiate elongation phase of transcription

3 The following sequence of eukaryotic DNA was used as a TEMPLATE to synthesize an mRNA. What is the sequence of the mRNA (written in the 5â-3â orientation)?

5â-GGCTACTAGTCAGTCAGG-3â

a 5â-CCTGACTGACTAGTAGCC-3â

b 5â-GGACTGACTGATCATCGG-3â

c 5â-CCGATGATCAGTCAGTCC-3â

d None of the above

Promoter Discussion Questions (2,1) Please help me Answer ALL to compare to my anwers and Thank you!

1) Saturation mutagenesis of a promoter region will occasionally identify a nucleotide in a positive promoter element that when mutated greatly increases transcription. What is the most likely explanation for why a mutation in a positive element would increase transcription?

4) Outline the roles of the TATA box in transcriptional initiation.

5) The TATA box is often described as the minimal RNA polymerase II promoter? Why is this description misleading.

6) Outline an S1 protection assay to determine the position of the 5â end of a mRNA?

amethystguinea-pig707

1 DNA sequences found in introns provide [A] amino acid sequence information.

[B] regulatory information.
[C] no known useful information.

[D] structure for the gene.
[E] alternative DNA splicing possibilities.

3. The TATA box is a(n)
[A] sequence close to the promoter region of many genes.
[B] square-shaped sequence.
[C] enhancer consensus sequence.
[D] activator sequence necessary for proper translation.
[E] None of the above

5. Regarding genes and gene expression, which of the following is not a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
[A] Eukaryotic DNA does not contain a TATA box close to the initiation site as does prokaryotic DNA.

[B] In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase requires

'transcription factors'or initiation.

[C] Prokaryotic genes are often grouped together in

operons.

[D] In eukaryotes, the regulation of several genes at once requires common control elements in each of the genes.
[E] There is a diversity of eukaryotic polymerases that is reflected in the diversity of eukaryotic promoters.

10) In eukaryotic cells, a repressor

[A] is made of DNA.
[B] binds to the enhancer region to block transcription. [

C] is located both upstream and downstream from the promoter.
[D] binds to the operator to block RNA polymerase.

[E] binds to a silencer to reduce transcription rates.

Coordinated regulation of genes in eukaryotic cells [A] is the result of positioning the same regulatory sequence in front of each gene.
[B] results from all of those genes being under the control of one promoter.

[C] occurs because related genes all have the same

operons.
[D] occurs because enhancers cause DNA to bend.

Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Exon, Prokaryote, Nucleoside Triphosphate

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