WDW101Y1 Lecture : Law and Psychiatry Lecture Notes Nov 23

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amethystsalmon332

9 Jan 2011

School

UTSG

Department

Woodsworth College Courses

Course

WDW101Y1

Professor

John Vervaeke

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Document Summary

In terms of women"s rates of offending; registered recording convictions women commit much less crime than men. The rates of conviction for women offender does reflect the rate in the actual offending. Many years ago, alison morich in cambridge and came out with 2 figures that across those jurisdictions that 45% of men and 15% of women would get a criminal conviction of some point in their life. That is a huge difference; highly statistically significant the kind of things that social scientists feel the need to explain; that does not even reflect the difference. Which suggest gender is not an overriding variable: the overall rate of offending in the u. s for african american women lower than afrian american women but women rates for african. He also wrote a book on criminal women he drew common conceptions of what of what women were like. Criminal justice system is the social control system ultimately for males.

Related Questions

6. (1 point) Tara lives in an economy where all adults either either work or go to university Those without a university education earn a salary of $40,000 per year. Those with a university education earn a salary of $65,000. University education lasts 3 years. Tuition is $30,000 per year, and Tara has access to interest-free student loans. Assume that Tara is an adult for 10 years. As an economist, give Tara advice on whether she should attend university before working. Bonus Question 1. (1 point) What, if anything, do you expect to happen to the num- ber of men who report having same-sex sexual orientation (or report being in a same-sex relationship or report having same-sex sexual desires) when HIV/AIDS becomes more preva- lent? What, if anything, do you expect to happen to the number of women who report having same-sex sexual orientation or report being in a same-sex relationship or report having same-sex sexual desires) when HIV/AIDS becomes more prevalent? Answer to these questions as an economist. Focus on explaining how and why changes in sexual behavior in response to HIV/AIDS becoming more prevalent might be different for men vs. women. Explanation should be 1-3 sentences. Bonus Question 2. (1 point) Following the murder-kidnapping of 12-year old Polly Klaas in 1993, California and a number of other states in the U.S. have passed so called three- strikes-laws. A three-strikes-law mandates that a person who commits a third criminal act to be jailed for the rest of his/her life without the possibility of parole. Importantly, these three-strikes-laws do not distinguish between more dangerous criminal acts such as murders and bank robberies and less dangerous crimes such as a smoking pot and shoplifting. Instead, anyone who is convicted of three criminal acts in total is to be jailed for the rest of his/her life following the third conviction. The intended effect of implementing such three-strikes-laws was to increase the penalties for crimes of any type in order to deter criminals from committing crimes. However, evidence suggests that the implementation of three-strikes-laws has increased the number of dangerous criminal acts (murders, bank robberies, etc) that have been committed. Why have the three-strikes-laws possibly led to an increase in the number of dangerous criminal acts? Explain (in 1-2 sentences).

Never forget that even small effects can be statistically significant if the samples are large. During a three-year period, 8 of the 57 headed by men and 6 of the 35 headed by women failed.

(a) Find the proportions of failures for businesses headed by women and businesses headed by men. These sample proportions are quite close to each other. Give the p-value for the hypothesis that the same proportion of women's and men's businesses fail. (Use two-sided alternative). What can we conclude (use alpha as 0.05)?

The p-value was ___________ so we conclude that ____________.

(b) Now suppose that the same sample proportion came from a sample 30 times as large. That is 180 out of 1050 businesses headed by women and 240 out of 1710 businesses headed by men fail. Verify that the proportions of failures are exactly the same as in part (a). Repeat the test for the new data. What can we conclude?

The p-value was ___________ so we conclude that ____________.

c) It is wise to use a confidence interval to estimate the size of an effect rather than just giving a p-value. Give 95% confidence intervals for the difference between proportions of men's and women's businesses that fail for the settings of both (a) and (b).

Interval for smaller samples: ___________ to ___________.

Interval for larger samples: ___________ to ___________.

What is the effect of larger samples on the confidence interval?

viridiancoyote964

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast two approaches of evolutionary psychology on human behavior

Best practice to participate in the discussion boards is to read the articles and consider the following questions. Then go to the discussion board and talk amongst yourselves; don't forget to post a minimum of a paragraph and reply to a colleague.

1. Some evolutionary psychologists, such as David Buss, suggest that men are more promiscuous than women. Man are hardwired for sex, wanting to have sex with as many women as possible. This is an evolutionary advantage, which gives men the opportunity to impregnate as many women as possible (i.e. to spread their seed). In addition, men prefer to have sex with women that are younger and have an hourglass shape. Both youth and a curvy figure are evolutionary signifiers of reproductive health. Buss also suggests that women are more selective in their mating and dating preferences. While men have a tendency to want to sleep around, women are choosier. Why? Because men have the ability to impregnate many women, while women can only have one offspring at a time. It is evolutionarily advantageous for women to be picky about their mates. What kind of mate to women prefer? They prefer mates with power and resources; men who can provide for the survival of their offspring. For our early ancestors this meant a man who could "bring home the bacon" now this means a man who brings home the money. Feminist evolutionary psychologists think this is just ridiculous. This type of thinking just portrays men and women as stereotypes.

2. Critics of the above theory demand: show me the physiological evidence. Evolutionary theory is rooted in biology hence there must be physical evidence to substantiate a claim. Feminist evolutionary psychologists say: It's not men who want sleep around, in fact, it is women who are hard-wired to want to take on as many mates as possible. This is why society has spent so much energy trying to regulate female sexuality. What is the evidence? One: only maternity is 100%. Everyone knows for certain the identity of their mother, yet before the recent advent of testing, paternity was never 100%. In a communal living situation, all the men in the tribe would have to provide for a child because the possibility could be that child was their own. Two: women are multi-orgasmic, while men only have one orgasm and then their brain releases a chemical which causes them to fall asleep. As many know, women become active post-coitus. They want to talk and cuddle, while men want to nap. The suggestion here is that while men are sleeping it off on the bear skin rug, the women go to the next tent and have sex again with someone else. Finally, women have an organ designed specifically for sexual pleasure: the clitori. Men do not have such an organ. The existence of the clitori is a strong physiological indicator that supports the above assertion. How can you explain the existence of the clitori?

WDW101Y1 Lecture : Law and Psychiatry Lecture Notes Nov 23

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