11.T or F. The energy required to attain the most stable transition state in a chemical reaction is called the activation energy 12. Tor F. Cell membranes consist of a continuous double layer of lipid molecules in which membrane proteins are embedded 13.T or F. Protein kinases are enzymes that transfer the phosphate group of a phosphorylated protein to the hydroxyl group of a serine, threonine, or tyrosine amino acid side chain.
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Question 6
Proteins can be regulated by removing phosphate groups that modify specific amino acids in their sequences. This removal activity is exerted by
a. | Protein Phosphorylases | |
b. | Protein Phosphatases | |
c. | Protein Kinases | |
d. | Protein Phosphoproteases |
Question 7
Proteolytic processing is a(n)
a. | requirement for protein insertion into membranes | |
b. | type of covalently-linked post-translational modification | |
c. | irreversible post-translational modification | |
d. | type of reversible post-translational modification | |
e. | frequent consequence of heat denaturation |
Question 8
Allosteric regulation involves
a. | the binding of a protein to a regulatory subunit | |
b. | the binding of a regulatory molecule to the active site on an enzyme | |
c. | the binding of a regulatory molecule to a site on an enzyme that is distinct from the catalytic site | |
d. | the binding of GTP to an enzyme to regulate its function | |
e. | the binding of a Ubiquitin-like protein to an enzyme |
Question 9
During N-linked glycosylation, a carbohydrate side chain is attached through a Nitrogen atom at the amino group of Serine or Threonine
True
False
Question 10
The signal sequence that targets proteins for insertion into the Endoplasmic Reticulum is rich in hydrophobic aminoacids and is most frequently located at the N-terminus of the protein
True
False
Question 401 pts
Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.
True |
False |
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Question 411 pts
When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.
ionic |
kinetic |
covalent |
hydrogen |
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Question 421 pts
Changing the number of ____________ of an atom would change the chemical properties of the atom.
neutrons |
protons |
electrons |
electron shells |
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Question 431 pts
Forming molecules and breaking down molecules in biological organisms usually requires the use of _________ to help the reaction proceed faster.
oil |
heat |
enzymes |
blood |
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Question 441 pts
Organic molecules have a core composed of .
carbon |
nitrogen |
phosphorus |
hydrogen |
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Question 451 pts
The building blocks of carbohydrates are
polypeptides |
amino acids |
nucleotides |
monosaccharides |
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Question 461 pts
Water molecules crossing a membrane from high to low concentration is .
active transport |
cell fate |
facilitated diffusion |
osmosis |
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Question 471 pts
Choose the membrane molecule responsible for the passage of polar molecules and ions into and out of the cell.
phospholipids |
transmembrane channel proteins |
cell surface proteins |
carbohydrate chains |
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Question 481 pts
The simplest cells are .
prokaryotic |
animal cells |
eukaryotic |
cells of fungi |
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Question 491 pts
Which of the following membrane bound organelles are found inside bacterial cells:
nucleus |
organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells |
mitochondria |
chloroplasts |
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Question 501 pts
Which of the following is a specialized components of the cell, is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for making proteins.
vacuoles |
ribosomes |
golgi complex |
nucleus |
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Question 511 pts
Proteins are sorted, modified, and packaged by the _____________ and later transported to the outside of the cell.
ribosomes |
golgi bodies (golgi apparatus) |
nucleus |
mitochondria |
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Question 521 pts
Dehydration synthesis is a process of linking two smaller subunits together to form a polymer. Which of the following statements below is true of dehydration synthesis?
Oxygen is consumed. |
A water molecule is removed from the molecules. |
A water molecule is added to the molecules |
Carbon dioxide is given off. |
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Question 531 pts
Proteins are made up of _________ held together by peptide bonds.
monomers |
monosaccharides |
polymers |
amino acids |
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Question 541 pts
Which of the following gives an amino acid its properties?
NH2 |
R Group or functional group |
COOH |
H |
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Question 551 pts
The final three-dimensional shape of a protein that includes the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains is call its _____ structure.
Tertiary |
Quaternary |
Secondary |
Primary |
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Question 561 pts
How do DNA and RNA differ?
all statements are differences between DNA and RNA. |
DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded. |
They have different sugars. |
Thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA. |
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Question 571 pts
Which of the following is a component of a DNA nucleotide?
phosphate |
a nitrogen containing base |
All are components of a nucleotide. |
5-carbon sugar |
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Question 581 pts
Cell membranes are made up of several different types of molecules. Select the membrane molecule below that is made up of a polar region and two non-polar fatty acid tails.
transmembrane proteins |
carbohydrate chains |
phospholipids |
cell surface proteins |
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Question 591 pts
Two organelles which are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are ____________ and ______________.
chloroplasts and mitochondria |
golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum |
ribosomes and nucleolus |
peroxisomes and lysosomes |
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Question 601 pts
The is an extensive system of internal membranes responsible for producing carbohydrates and lipids.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
rough endoplasmic reticulum |
nucleolus |
mitochondria |
1. Humans with mutations in the AQP1 (aquaporin-1) gene do not produce the AQP1 protein. The absence of AQP1 causes an inability to ____ in these individuals.â
a. | produce concentrated urineâ | |
b. | ârecognize thirst | |
c. | âmake large volumes of dilute urine | |
d. | âcontrol sweating | |
e. | âSalivate |
2. Two solutions of differing glucose concentration are placed in a container separated by a selectively permeable membrane that restricts large molecules like glucose, but allows the free diffusion of water. What will be the glucose concentration in the container after dynamic equilibrium has been reached?â
a. | âThe water molecules will be evenly distributed in the container, with more glucose molecules on one side than the other. | |
b. | âThe volumes of the solution will be different, with a higher volume on the side that originally contained the higher concentration of glucose. | |
c. | âThe volumes of the solution will be different, with a lower volume on the side that originally contained the higher concentration of glucose. | |
d. | âThe glucose concentration of the two solutions will be identical on both sides of the membrane, but the volumes will remain unchanged. | |
e. | âThe volume and concentrations will be unchanged on both sides of the membrane. |
3. Which mutation is an example of an adaptation?â
a. | A mutation results in decreased sperm count in humans.â | |
b. | âA mutation is found to be the cause of Alzheimer's Disease. | |
c. | âA mutation results in hairless cats, reducing allergies in humans. | |
d. | âA mutation increases the size of tomato plants. | |
e. | âA mutation renders an individual immune to HIV infection. |
4. The prokaryotic chromosome is comprised of a ____.
a. | âhighly folded mass of a single, linear molecule of DNA | |
b. | âloosely folded mass of a single, linear molecule of DNA | |
c. | âhighly folded mass of a double, circular molecule of DNA | |
d. | âhighly folded mass of a single, circular molecule of DNA | |
e. | âloosely folded mass of a single, circular molecule of DNA |
5. Which methodology was used by researchers to identify the nuclear localization sequence?â
a. | infection of cells in culture with viruses containing sequential deletions of amino acids in a protein known to localize to the nucleus, followed by microscopic determination of cellular localizationâ | |
b. | âtreatment of cells in culture with pharmacological agents that inhibit the nuclear pore complex, followed by microscopic determination of cellular localization | |
c. | âtransfection of cells in culture with mutant human proteins containing sequences believed to be required for nuclear localization followed by microscopic determination of cellular localization | |
d. | âfluorescently labeling cells with known nuclear proteins and tracking changes in localization in the presence or absence of nuclear pore complex proteins | |
e. | âtreatment of cells in culture with pharmacological agents that binds to the nuclear localization sequence and prevents nuclear transport, followed by microscopic determination of cellular localization27. Cells actively secreting enzymes would likely carry out more ____ than other cells.â |
6. Cells actively secreting enzymes would likely carry out more ____ than other cells.â
a. | exocytosisâ | |
b. | âosmosis | |
c. | âendocytosis | |
d. | âconjugation | |
e. | âFractionation |
7. What is a function of prokaryotic common pili?â
a. | âbiofilm formation | |
b. | âtransfer of DNA | |
c. | âprotein polymerization | |
d. | âenergy production | |
e. | âlipid synthesis |