5. How does radiation cause mutations? 

◯ The extreme heat caused by radiation ruptures the lysosomes found in cells.

◯ Radiation prevents crossing over during metaphase I

◯ Radiation breaks apart the bonds that hold DNA together. Mutations may result when the cell tries to put the pieces back together.

◯ Radiation causes DNA methylation

A) Briefly describe how base analogs and ionizing radiation cause mutations in DNA. Also state what class of mutation – point, insertion/deletion (indel), chromosomal – will be created for each one.

B) Give an example of a base analog, and of ionizing radiation.

C) Nitrous acid (NA) deaminates adenine to form hypoxanthine, which forms two hydrogen bonds with cytosine during DNA replication. After a wild type strain of bacteria is treated with NA, a mutant is recovered that is caused by an amino acid substitution in a protein: wild type Met has been replaced with Val in the mutant. What is the simplest explanation for this observation?

Explain how ionizing and nonionizing radiation causedamage?