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Intro to Psyo & Nesc I
Dalhousie University
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Browse the full collection of course materials, past exams, study guides and class notes for PSYO 1011 - Intro to Psyo & Nesc I at Dalhousie University verified by our community.

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Leanne Stevens,Shelley Adamo,Kevin Duffy,Jennifer Stamp

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Class Notes

Taken by our most diligent verified note takers in class covering the entire semester.

PSYO 1011 Lecture 1: PSYO 1011-01 - Lecture #1 - What is Psychology?

Psychology: the science of behaviour and it"s causes. Goals of psychology: understanding the behaviour, why the behaviour occurs, ways to influence beh

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Gustav Fechner, Detection Theory, Absolute Threshold

Chapter 4 - sensing and perceiving our world (p. 122-163) From the moment of birth, we have experiences that help shape who we are. Most of these exper

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Brain Tumor, Behaviorism, Reinforcement

Psychology is the study of (human and animal) behaviours and their causes. ~ understanding the rules and principles of behaviours. There are three leve

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Psychological Stress, Behaviorism, Electric Current

What is psychology: psychology is the science of behaviour and its causes, biology - scienti c study of life processes and biological structures, bio-s

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Universal Grammar, Psychoanalysis, Reinforcement

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Cartesian Theater

4 goals: describe behaviour, causes of behaviour, predict behaviour, influence people. Left suicide note. he knew there was something not right about h

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Sigmund Freud, Plastic Ono Band, B. F. Skinner

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Universal Grammar, Herbert Graf, Mario Bunge

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Falsifiability, Glioblastoma Multiforme, Herbert Graf

Ps(cid:482)(cid:283)holo(cid:322)(cid:482) is the s(cid:283)ien(cid:283)e o(cid:321) (cid:282)eha(cid:475)iou(cid:418) and its (cid:283)auses: (cid:168

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Confirmation Bias, Subtle Body, Neurodevelopmental Disorder

Intellectual honesty: admitting that you can be wrong. Be specific!: results must be reproducible, requires accuracy, objectivity, scepticism and open-

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Scientific Method, Confirmation Bias, Pseudoscience

A process more than a product (have to get the info the right way) Intellectual honesty be willing to admit that you are wrong. ~ set of related assump

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Oedipus Complex, Simple Math, Dream Interpretation

The rise of the idea of the mechanical mind led to a certain beliefs of psychology, which is. You can only understand behaviors by observing it. This i

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Proof Test, Pseudoscience

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Medial Rectus Muscle, Inferior Rectus Muscle, Superior Rectus Muscle

Sclera - white, tough tissue around eye that maintains the shape of the eyeball. Shape is very important in the eye for light re ection. Cornea and scl

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Ruth Riley, Inferior Rectus Muscle, Medial Rectus Muscle

Cornea: transparent, 80% of focus power comes from the cornea. Fluid between cornea and iris: helps give cornea its shape. Iris: usually coloured in hu

PSYO 1011 Lecture 2: PYSO 1011-01 – Lecture 2 – Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Pyso 1011-01 lecture 2 studying behaviour scientifically. Science is cumulative and more about the process of finding something rather than when you fi

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Confounding, Central Tendency, Blind Experiment

The nature of science: science is about testing initiative assumptions regarding how the world works, observing the world, and being open minded to une

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Ruth Riley, Subjective Constancy, Depth Perception

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Redone, Pseudoscience, Oedipus Complex

What is science: cumulative (based on everything that came before, builds on itself, process more than a product (ability to test objective ways of tes

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Jane Goodall, Sodium Bicarbonate, Baking Chocolate

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Gestalt Psychology, Motion Perception, Synesthesia

Brain has collection of cells that identify the direction of object motion. Used monkeys, wanted to evaluate monkey"s perception. Evaluating their perc

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Cholera, Scientific Method, Standard Deviation

Chapter 2 continued lecture 3: samples must be representative of the population. It has to include multiple people from a sample (cid:1688)women put of

PSYO 1011 Lecture 3: Psych 1011 Lecture 3

Placebo effect causes people to assume that the prescription is working. During wars, when doctors would run out of morphine, they would give them an i

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Cognitive Test, Minimax, Jane Goodall

> with the key board have a facilitator. > million spent so people with autism could communicate. > skeptics: were the ppl with autism typing

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Central Tendency, Neurodevelopmental Disorder, Random Assignment

It is key to be extremely skeptical at all times. Theories are a set of related assumptions with which testable predictions can be made. The scientific

PSYO 1011 Lecture 4: Psych 1011 Lecture 4

An observational definition is when you decide how you would like to measure something. Prevention of cholera outbreak in 19th century london due to sc

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Resting Potential, Biology Of Depression, Neuroglia

Input (going to receive information: transit, output (sends info to the other neurons) How do they work: signals are transmitted electrically and chemi

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Resting Potential, Pseudoscience

>a set of related assumptions from which testable predictions can be made. The plus or minus sign (+/-) on the correlation coe cient re ects the _____

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Eardrum, Sound, Low Frequency

Air molecules are required to generate sound waves. Compression and refractions happen in a cycle. Compressions are peaks and rarefactions are troughs,

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Outer Ear, Inner Ear, Middle Ear

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Fall 2018 Lecture 4 - Resting potential, The Channels, Microsoft PowerPoint

Psyo 1011-01 lecture 4 biological foundations of behaviour. The nervous system and behaviour: behaviour is directly determined by the nervous system, t

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Resting Potential, Channel Types, Membrane Potential

Housekeeping: continue with readings, quiz next week (september 25, videos for chapter 3. The equilibrium potential for an ion is: the membrane potenti

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Olfactory Bulb, Olfactory Nerve, Taste Receptor

Psychology - taste, smell, touch and signal transduction. 5 di erent taste sensations we can have. All parts of tongue have machinery needed to detect

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Motor Neuron, Electric Potential, Membrane Potential

Every action we make is made by the nervous system. Made of billions of cells called neurons. Every neutron as an input, transit and output section. En

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Fall 2018 Lecture 5 - Three Steps, Myelin, Multiple sclerosis

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Oligodendrocyte, Myelin, Dendrite

Sodium channels act like automatic doors, where they stay open for a small amount of time. Potassium channels need a much stronger change to open. Duri

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Lucid Dream, Superior Colliculus, Ebbinghaus Illusion

> awareness of one"s surroundings and of what is in one"s mind at a given moment. > it is (1) subjective, (2) dynamic, and (3) self-re ective. > (1) -

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Fall 2018 Lecture 6 - Neurotransmitter, Nicotine, Acetylcholinesterase

PSYO 1011 Lecture 7: PSYO 1011 Sept 25th pg1

PSYO 1011 Lecture 7: PSYO 1011 Sept 25th pg2

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Lipid Bilayer, Reuptake, Skeleton

We know how some drugs influence the nervous system. Nicotine p(cid:396)ete(cid:374)ds to (cid:271)e a(cid:272)etyl(cid:272)holi(cid:374)e a(cid:374)d

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Fluoxetine, Neurotransmitter, Reuptake

Closes sept 26 @11:59pm: 10 multiple choice questions, neural transmissions and the brain, chapter 3, assigned videos. October 3rd: all lecture materia

PSYO 1011 Lecture 7: PSYO 1011 Sept 25th pg3

PSYO 1011 Lecture 7: PSYO 1011 Sept 25th pg5

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Ruth Riley, Adrenal Gland, Neurotransmitter

Lsd: activates some types of serotonin receptors. Amphetamines: reuptake of dopamine and other neurotransmitter. Many drugs influence more than one neu

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Secondary Sex Characteristic, Nuclear Pore, Ion Channel

Chapter 3 part 4 september 25th lecture notes. Test #1 --> october 3rd: all lecture materials, all assigned videos (links are on brightspace, chapte

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Reuptake, Cerebellum, Immune System

3 ways drugs can influence neural activity: Act on presynaptic neuron to increase or decrease neurotransmitter release. Act in the synapse (synaptic cl

PSYO 1011 Lecture 7: PSYO 1011 Sept 25th pg4

PSYO 1011 Lecture 8: psyo note lecture 8

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Ruth Riley, Brenda Milner, Primary Sensory Areas

Cerebral cortex: very large in humans, divided into two almost identical halves, halves called right and left hemispheres, divided into different areas

PSYO 1011 Lecture 8: sept 27th pg 8

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Brenda Milner, Occipital Lobe, Frontal Lobe

The brain contd. , measuring the brain and genes & behaviour lecture #8. Reminder: re-download the lectures september 20 and 25 in order to get upd

PSYO 1011 Lecture 8: sept 27th pg 1

PSYO 1011 Lecture 8: sept 27th pg 6

PSYO 1011 Lecture 8: sept 27th pg 2

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Primary Sensory Areas, Brenda Milner, Parietal Lobe

Had hippocampi removed to cure very severe epilepsy in 1953. The seizures were crossing over, but were starting in both hippocampi. The(cid:455) felt i

PSYO 1011 Lecture 8: sept 27th pg 5

PSYO 1011 Lecture 8: sept 27th pg 3

PSYO 1011 Lecture 8: sept 27th pg 7

PSYO 1011 Lecture 8: sept 27th pg 4

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Primary Sensory Areas, Brenda Milner, Henry Molaison

Had hippocampi removed to cure epilepsy in 1953. @ the time the hippocampi had no known function. He was no longer able to move short term memory into

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: David Buss, Parental Investment, Serotonin Transporter

There is not one gene that is directly related to behavior (ex: no one gene for anger) Genes can code for neurotransmitters, receptors, etc They can co

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Alternative Hypothesis, Parental Investment, David Buss

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Twin, Serotonin Transporter, Kin Selection

Complex behavioural disorders (e. g. depression) appear to be only partly genetically determined. Ge(cid:374)es do (cid:374)ot (cid:272)o(cid:373)plete

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Twin, Serotonin Transporter, Mental Disorder

Complex behavioral disorders (e. g. depression) appear to be only partly genetically determined. One study found a variant that correlated with depress

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Parietal Lobe, Absolute Threshold, Frontal Lobe

4 - lecture #1 - psychophysics, light and. Sensation - involves transduction of the physical world into neural impulses. Perception - involves binding

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Detection Theory, Tungsten, Electromagnetic Spectrum

Sensation and perception are linked, yet very separate. Sensation: involved transduction of the physical world into neural impulses (unchanging) Percep

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Hearing Test, Occipital Lobe, Optometry

Psychophysics, light & vision (unit 2) lecture 10. Housekeeping: unit ((cid:1688)sensing and perceiving our world(cid:1689)) will cover chapters 4&5, 8

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Color Vision, Sclera, Collagen

Refract light to back of the eye. Clear hard covering that protects the lens of the eye. Light enters at the cornea and pass through liquid until it re

PSYO 1011 Lecture 11: pg 3

PSYO 1011 Lecture 11: pg 2

PSYO 1011 Lecture 11: pg 4

PSYO 1011 Lecture 11: pg 1

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Inferior Rectus Muscle, Superior Rectus Muscle, Color Vision

Sclera: white part in eye, maintain eye shape, made of collagen. Transparent: refract light to back of the eye, 80% of focus power in eye, clear hard c

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Francis Crick, Subjective Constancy, Motion Perception

Attention: your brain is flooded with sensory information all the time but our brain ignores most of the signals. Attention to particular sensations pe

PSYO 1011 Lecture 12: pg2 PSYO oct 16th

PSYO 1011 Lecture 12: pg1 PSYO oct 16th

PSYO 1011 Lecture 12: pg4 PSYO oct 16th

PSYO 1011 Lecture 12: pg3 PSYO oct 16th

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Extraocular Muscles, Aqueous Humour, Sclera

Anatomy of the eye: the white part (at the top) is called the sclera. It maintains eye shape: cornea is the transparent part at front of eye, difficult

PSYO 1011 Lecture 13: pg2 PSYO oct 18

PSYO 1011 Lecture 13: pg3 PSYO oct 18

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Auditory System, Sound, Basilar Membrane

Auditory system is designed to detect sound waves from our external environment. Air molecules being compressed and refracted produce these sound waves

PSYO 1011 Lecture 13: pg4 PSYO oct 18

PSYO 1011 Lecture 13: pg1 PSYO oct 18

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Binocular Disparity, Gestalt Psychology, Interposition

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Dermis, Mechanoreceptor, Egg Cell

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Cranial Nerves, Epithelium

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Taste Receptor, Taste Bud, Microvillus

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Sound, Rarefaction, Low Frequency

Topics of the day: sound waves, anatomy of the ear, auditory perception. 1: low amplitude would have a smaller distance between the peak and trough, th

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Rhodopsin

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Umami, Mechanoreceptor, Olfactory Nerve

We used to think that there were specified areas on the tongue responsible for each type of taste. There are no particular regions for specific senses

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Lucid Dream, Dementia, Ebbinghaus Illusion

Awareness of one"s surroundings and of what is in one"s mind at a given moment. Subjective - difficult to study as only we know our consciousness, medi

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Tongue Map, Phantom Limb, Visual Phototransduction

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Reuptake, Methamphetamine, Chlorpromazine

For millennials drugs have always been used to alter consciousness. Used mostly recreationally to change our normal state. Drugs alter consciousness by

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Morphine, Hallucinogen, Endorphins

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Reuptake, Opiate

PSYO 1011 Lecture 16: pg 2

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Circadian Rhythm, Melatonin, Startle Response

Topics of the day: characteristics of consciousness, circadian rhythms, sleep. Consciousness: what is consciousness, awareness of one"s surroundings an

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Sensory Memory

PSYO 1011 Lecture 17: nov 1 p6

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Psychoactive Drug, Neurotransmitter, Reuptake

PSYO 1011 Lecture 17: pg 2

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Infor

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Long-Term Memory, Temporal Lobe, Clive Wearing

Died in 2008; donated his brain to scoemce. Got hit by a car when he was a kid which caused him to have seizures. Took out parts of the brain that were

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Infor, Tosk Albanian, Sensory Memory

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Cross-Linked Polyethylene, Infor

PSYO 1011 Lecture 17: nov 1 p3

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Atex Directive, Procedural Memory

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Tempora, Sensory Memory

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Aplysia

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Lesion

PSYO 1011 Lecture 18: Multiple Types of Memory

Patient h. m: probably most famous case study in psych/neuroscience, died in 2008 and donated his brain to science, when he was younger, he sustained a

PSYO 1011 Lecture 18: [PSYO 1011][Lecture 18] - Remmbering and Forgetting

Jill price - the woman who cannot forget. Too much memories living in the past; prevents her from living in the present. Strong tendencies to collect m

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Striatum, Lesion

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Infor, Entorhinal Cortex

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Star Wars Holiday Special, Eyewitness Memory, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Excitatory Synapse, Episodic Memory, Long-Term Memory

Brain does not change size depending on our amount of memories. There must be some change in neurons when we learn memories: when one neuron fires and

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Spatial Memory, Temporal Lobe, Grid Cell

Possible step 2: kandel believed that memory are created with molecular storage, he discovered creb (protein, it promotes growth of new synapses. 2: he

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Alfred Noble Prize, Operant Conditioning, Aplasia

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Operant Conditioning, Classical Conditioning, Learning

Pavlov"s experiment: before conditioning: meat was the unconditioned stimulus (us, salivating to the meat was the unconditioned response (ur, ringing a

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Vending Machine, Conditioned Taste Aversion, Slot Machine

If the machine ate your money, you wouldn"t keep putting money in: extinction, no reinforcement, responding will decline. Effects on learning: ratio sc

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Social Learning Theory, Sex Doll, Albert Bandura

PSYO 1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Lecture Recording, Lobectomy, Temporal Lobe

Note: these review questions have been taken from the lecture recording for lecture. 26, which was posted online due to a power outage. Identify common