Question

1. The purpose of a vaccine is to
Select one:
a. destroy immune cells that would react to an infection.
b. activate the digestive system to remove harmful organisms.
c. provide a rapid response to an invading germ.
d. alter a microorganism and make it harmless.
e. expose people to diseases they would otherwise never encounter.

2. The target of any immune response is known as a(n)
Select one:
a. cytokine.
b. antibody.
c. germ.
d. nucleosome.
e. antigen.

3. The skin acts as a(n) _____, which is a defense not keyed to any specific target.
Select one:
a. monocyte
b. cell-mediated immune response
c. adaptive immune response
d. phagocyte
e. innate barrier

4. Scavenger cells called _____ function in many organisms as digestive cells that engulf foreign antigens.
Select one:
a. monocytes
b. amoebocytes
c. defensins
d. phagocytes
e. cytokines
5. Antimicrobial peptides known as _____ serve to protect insects.
Select one:
a. occludins
b. selectins
c. cytokines
d. antigens
e. defensins

6. Immunity unique to vertebrates that results in immunological memory of specific antigens is called _____ immunity.
Select one:
a. innate
b. adaptive
c. humoral
d. cell-mediated
e. inflammatory

7. B cells are the only cells directly involved in the _____ immune response.
Select one:
a. inflammatory
b. innate
c. humoral
d. cell-mediated
e. adaptive

8.The biochemical called _____ is the major cause of the inflammation response.
Select one:
a. histamine
b. complement
c. defensin
d. MHC
e. cecropin

9.T cells are activated in the
Select one:
a. thyroid.
b. testes.
c. thalamus.
d. thymus.
e. adrenal gland.

10. The _____ is the major destroyer of bacteria in a human body.
Select one:
a. monocyte
b. T cell
c. B cell
d. MHC
e. macrophage

11. Activated by antibody binding to bacteria, _____ is a group of proteins that kill bacteria non-specifically.
Select one:
a. defensin
b. cytokine
c. complement
d. antibody
e. histamine

12.The molecular configuration that is coupled to an antigen by a macrophage for presentation to T cells is called
Select one:
a. cytokines.
b. the major histocompatibility complex.
c. interleukins.
d. autoimmunity.
e. the antibody-complement cascade.

13.The _____ cells are the culprits behind the unpleasant effects of an allergic reaction.
Select one:
a. allergen
b. B
c. mast
d. T
e. phagocytic

14.IgG antibodies crossing the placenta represent _____ immunity.
Select one:
a. innate
b. adaptive
c. humoral
d. passive
e. inflammatory

15.The surface defenses of the body consist of the ___ and the mucous membranes lining the digestive and respiratory tracts.

16. The cellular defenses of vertebrates are complemented by a very effective chemical defense called the ___ system.

17.Virus-infected cells secrete a class of proteins called __ that play a key role in body defense.

18. The immune system depends on the function of ___, which include several types of phagocytic cells and two kinds of lymphocytes.

19. The human immunodeficiency virus mounts a direct attack on T4 cells by recognizing the __ surface proteins associated with these cells.

20. ___ cells are the primary target of the AIDS virus.
21. ___ is the production of antibodies that attack one's own tissues.

22. A mother's milk provides __ immunity to a newborn through antibodies in the milk.

23. __ cells can actually attack and kill other cells very specifically.

24. The antigen-binding site of an antibody is found as part of its ___ region.

25. Vaccination is meant to produce __ cells that can respond very quickly to a second infection.

26. A type of B cell called a __ cell is able to make large quantities of a specific antibody.

27. ___ are molecules produced by T cells that activate several functions of the immune response.

28. A(n) __ is basically an overreaction of the immune response to a non-lethal molecule.