Chapter 10

1.Outline the history of our knowledge on DNA up to Watson and Crick. What were the main contributions made by each researcher’s key experiment?

2.Explain the setup of the Hershey and Chase experiment, what would the results have been if protein was the genetic material?

3.Draw the structure of a DNA nucleotide, labeling each main component correctly. How does an RNA nucleotide differ?

4.If a section of double stranded DNA contains 19% Adenine, how much Thymine is present?

5.You are a researcher studying the genetic basis of heart attacks and have been working to determine the expression levels of different genes that might contribute to cancer formation. You obtain the DNA methylation status of five genes of interest (the data are shown in the table below). The plus (+) sign indicates the level of DNA methylation; more plus signs correlates with increased methylation levels.Based on this information which genes would you predict to have the highest rate of transcription?

What are the characteristics of the 3 main DNA forms?

Chapter 11

What are the different types of chromatin?

What are the structures and important roles for telomeres and centromeres?

What are the differences found between eukaryotic chromosomes and mitochondrial?

Chapter 12

Explain each of the different models of replication.

If you grow a culture of bacteria in media with radioactive nucleotides so that all DNA in the cells include radioactive nucleotides and then place the bacteria in new non radioactive media. After two rounds of replication what proportion of the DNA molecules will contain radioactivity?

Summarize the similarities and differences between rolling-circle replication, theta replication and linear eukaryotic replication.

What are the functions of the different DNA polymerases found in eukaryotic cells?

Draw a replication fork and include all key components and orientations. (Leading/lagging strands, DNA helicase, RNA primer and DNA gyrase)

What is the Holliday model of recombination and what are the necessary steps?

Chapter 13

What are the different types of RNA and what roles do they play?

Describe the properties and functions of each of the RNA polymerases and how they differ depending on the organism.

Describe in detail the process and mechanisms of transcription in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Chapter 14

What are the primary purposes of each of the three post transcriptional modifications that occur in eukaryotic cells.

What is alternative splicing and what role does it play in the cell?

How is ribosomal RNA processed after transcription?

How do siRNA and miRNA work, describe/draw out the process in detail.

One often-used definition of the term opportunity cost is that it is something that is given up when a choice is made. An example would be the money from working full-time given up by going to school. I suggest using the definition that opportunity cost is in terms of the foregone benefits of the next best alternative that could have been chosen. If the choice is for going to school instead of working full-time, then the opportunity cost would be all the benefits you would enjoy from working full-time in addition to the income you would earn. Using examples from your experiences and what you know, in what manners does the suggested change in definitions offer advantages in evaluating potential outcomes of choices either you or society have to make? How does this second opportunity cost definition help you make better decisions?

A graph showing the inverse relationship between the economy's rate of unemployment and rate of inflation is called the:

a-Phillips curve.
b-aggregate expenditure model.
c-Laffer curve.
d-consumption curve.
e-Keynesian cross.

Describe how the first and second lines of defense of your innate immune system can protect you from an influenza A infection. Recall from week 7 course content topic “About Influenza Viruses” that influenza is a respiratory disease. Be specific about the tissues, cells, and processes involved and as related to influenza or other respiratory viral diseases.

In a woody dicotyledonous tree, which of the following parts will mainly consist of primary tissues?

(a) all parts

(b) stem and root

(c) flowers, fruits and leaves

(d) shoot tips and root tips.

Comparative Advantage:

New York Giants star quarterback Eli Manning can sell 5 times more Giants memorabilia than any other employee of the team or stadium. Realizing this, Eli decides to stand behind a concession stand at MetLife Stadium and sell Giants merchandise during the team’s next home game. Why shouldn’t Eli do this, even though he’s better than anyone else at doing it?

Glycogen is a polymer of

(a) galactose

(b) glucose

(c) fructose

(d) sucrose.

How does cation exchange affect plants?

a. Cation exchange gives the roots of the plant a negative charge, which allows it to take up water more efficiently.

b. Cation exchange makes cations in the soil more available to plants.

c. Cation exchange makes cations in the soil more available to plants.

d. Cation exchange decreases the loss of water from plants by transpiration.

Why are mutation and recombination important in the process of natural selection and the evolution of organisms?

Problem 3: Markets and Regulation.

(a) Name 3 reasons for market failure.

(b) Name 2 reasons for government failure.

(c) Name 2 reasons in support of state regulation instead of national regulation.

(d) Name 2 reasons in support of government regulation instead of state regulation.

(e) Name 3 sources of inefficiency of monopolies.

(f) Name 2 sources of inefficiency of competitive markets.

1) what is the function of the septum seperating the left and the right ventricles?
2) what is the function of the mitral and tricuspid valves.
3) why are the walls of the left ventricles thicker than the walls of the rifht ventricles.
4) Trace the pathway of blood from the right atrium to the aorta.