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The Deliberate Distortion: Analyzing Historical Accuracy in "Glory" (1989)
American history is a tapestry woven with moments of triumph and tribulation. Literature and film often revisit these historical periods, aiming to illuminate the past and spark conversations about its impact on the present. However, the adaptation of historical events into fictional narratives presents a unique challenge: balancing historical accuracy with the demands of storytelling. This essay will analyze the 1989 film "Glory" directed by Edward Zwick, focusing on its depiction of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment, the first all-Black regiment of the Union Army in the American Civil War.
A Synopsis of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment and the Historical Context:
The formation of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment in 1863 marked a pivotal moment in the Civil War. Prior to this, free Black men were barred from serving in the Union Army. However, as the war dragged on, the need for more manpower became critical, prompting President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation allowing Black enlistment. The 54th faced immense prejudice from both the Confederacy and elements within the Union, but their bravery and resilience on the battlefield, particularly at the Battle of Fort Wagner in July 1863, helped to turn public opinion in favor of Black soldiers. (Faust, "This Republic of Suffering")
"Glory" and its Depictions:
"Glory" follows the story of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw (played by Matthew Broderick), a white officer leading the 54th Massachusetts Regiment. The film portrays the harsh realities of discrimination faced by the Black soldiers, including unequal pay, lack of respect from white officers, and the constant threat of violence from Confederates and even some Union soldiers. The film culminates in a harrowing depiction of the failed assault on Fort Wagner, highlighting the immense courage of the 54th Regiment in the face of overwhelming odds.
Accuracy and Adaptation:
While "Glory" effectively captures the essence of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment's struggles and triumphs, it takes certain liberties with historical accuracy. Firstly, the film places significant emphasis on the character of Colonel Shaw, who becomes a central focus of the narrative. However, historical accounts suggest that Shaw, while a dedicated leader, did not play as prominent a role in motivating the troops as depicted in the film. Scholars like Joseph Glatthar in "Forged in Battle" argue that the film downplays the leadership of Black officers within the regiment, such as Sergeant Major Lewis Cary and Captain Trippe.
Secondly, "Glory" condenses the timeline of events. The film portrays the formation and training of the regiment, followed immediately by the Battle of Fort Wagner. In reality, the 54th Massachusetts Regiment saw action several times before Fort Wagner, gaining valuable experience and building morale.
Reasons for Adaptation:
There are several reasons why "Glory" alters certain historical details. One factor may be the desire to create a more compelling narrative arc. Focusing on Shaw allows the audience to connect with a familiar "hero" archetype, potentially making the film more accessible to a wider audience. Additionally, condensing the timeline creates a more streamlined story, enhancing the film's dramatic impact.
Another crucial factor is the film's message. "Glory" primarily aims to highlight the courage and sacrifice of Black soldiers in the Civil War, a story often marginalized in traditional historical narratives. While some details may be altered, the film's core message of racial equality resonates deeply. As historian James McPherson argues in "Battle Cry of Freedom," "Glory" serves as a powerful reminder of the contributions of Black soldiers to the Union victory.
Conclusion:
"Glory" is not a purely documentary account, but rather a historical drama that utilizes creative license to illuminate a crucial chapter in American history. The film portrays the struggles and triumphs of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment, raising awareness of their often-overlooked contributions. While certain details are adapted for narrative purposes, the film captures the essence of the regiment's story and their fight for equality. "Glory" stands as a testament to the power of film to educate, inspire, and prompt discussions about the complexities of the past.
The Deliberate Distortion: Analyzing Historical Accuracy in "Glory" (1989)
American history is a tapestry woven with moments of triumph and tribulation. Literature and film often revisit these historical periods, aiming to illuminate the past and spark conversations about its impact on the present. However, the adaptation of historical events into fictional narratives presents a unique challenge: balancing historical accuracy with the demands of storytelling. This essay will analyze the 1989 film "Glory" directed by Edward Zwick, focusing on its depiction of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment, the first all-Black regiment of the Union Army in the American Civil War.
A Synopsis of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment and the Historical Context:
The formation of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment in 1863 marked a pivotal moment in the Civil War. Prior to this, free Black men were barred from serving in the Union Army. However, as the war dragged on, the need for more manpower became critical, prompting President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation allowing Black enlistment. The 54th faced immense prejudice from both the Confederacy and elements within the Union, but their bravery and resilience on the battlefield, particularly at the Battle of Fort Wagner in July 1863, helped to turn public opinion in favor of Black soldiers. (Faust, "This Republic of Suffering")
"Glory" and its Depictions:
"Glory" follows the story of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw (played by Matthew Broderick), a white officer leading the 54th Massachusetts Regiment. The film portrays the harsh realities of discrimination faced by the Black soldiers, including unequal pay, lack of respect from white officers, and the constant threat of violence from Confederates and even some Union soldiers. The film culminates in a harrowing depiction of the failed assault on Fort Wagner, highlighting the immense courage of the 54th Regiment in the face of overwhelming odds.
Accuracy and Adaptation:
While "Glory" effectively captures the essence of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment's struggles and triumphs, it takes certain liberties with historical accuracy. Firstly, the film places significant emphasis on the character of Colonel Shaw, who becomes a central focus of the narrative. However, historical accounts suggest that Shaw, while a dedicated leader, did not play as prominent a role in motivating the troops as depicted in the film. Scholars like Joseph Glatthar in "Forged in Battle" argue that the film downplays the leadership of Black officers within the regiment, such as Sergeant Major Lewis Cary and Captain Trippe.
Secondly, "Glory" condenses the timeline of events. The film portrays the formation and training of the regiment, followed immediately by the Battle of Fort Wagner. In reality, the 54th Massachusetts Regiment saw action several times before Fort Wagner, gaining valuable experience and building morale.
Reasons for Adaptation:
There are several reasons why "Glory" alters certain historical details. One factor may be the desire to create a more compelling narrative arc. Focusing on Shaw allows the audience to connect with a familiar "hero" archetype, potentially making the film more accessible to a wider audience. Additionally, condensing the timeline creates a more streamlined story, enhancing the film's dramatic impact.
Another crucial factor is the film's message. "Glory" primarily aims to highlight the courage and sacrifice of Black soldiers in the Civil War, a story often marginalized in traditional historical narratives. While some details may be altered, the film's core message of racial equality resonates deeply. As historian James McPherson argues in "Battle Cry of Freedom," "Glory" serves as a powerful reminder of the contributions of Black soldiers to the Union victory.
Conclusion:
"Glory" is not a purely documentary account, but rather a historical drama that utilizes creative license to illuminate a crucial chapter in American history. The film portrays the struggles and triumphs of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment, raising awareness of their often-overlooked contributions. While certain details are adapted for narrative purposes, the film captures the essence of the regiment's story and their fight for equality. "Glory" stands as a testament to the power of film to educate, inspire, and prompt discussions about the complexities of the past.
